Thursday, July 7, 2011

EPA Fellowship

Currently, I am working at my school, TAMUK, in the EPA Fellowship. It is a program that allows engineering undergrads to take part in projects surrounding air quality with graduate students during the summer. Then, at the end of the summer we take a trip to one of the various EPA locations. I am working in the Biology Department with my old roomate, who is also in the program, discovering the effects of ozone on frogs. Yesterday, I was with the grad student and we were putting the organs in wax to prepare them for slicing. I actually got to try my hand at slicing the organs into what turns out to be a ribbon of thinly sliced frog organs. We took the ribbon and put it into a water/adhesive mix. Afterwards, we took a slide and placed it under the specimen we wanted to view under the microscope and got rid of the excess, unusable samples. And the process starts all over again. The room was absolutely freezing. But today, my friend and I were putting the slides in various ethyl acohol and dye solutions to make the organs show under the microscope and get rid of the wax that was on the slide. Out of 40 slides only 8 came out right, so the grad student said to forget the ones that actually worked because we would redo them on monday. But its okay, I would rather restart this again than be sent to the rat people the grad student jokes about because they decapitate mice with a guillotine. Not very pretty I imagine, including since they told me the mice blink as their heads are being sliced off.

Thursday, April 28, 2011

Exciting News :)

 Currently I am the Internal Vice President of the Society of Petroleum Engineers at Texas A&M Kingsville. Next Semester, I will actually be President. As a Sophmore, I am very blessed. I look forward to the new school year :)

Wednesday, February 9, 2011

Picture of Rainwater Harvesting System

My picture of the actual system will not paste itself in the report I added earlier nor in this post, but it looks good lol :) thanx to Lucas Allen.

sorry:(

Rainwater Harvesting Project for Brownsville, TX

Rainwater Harvesting System


Executive Summary: The Objective of this project was to create a rainwater harvesting city for a restroom facility in Brownsville, Texas. This project team created a water balance that estimated the dimensions of the roof and the landscape to collect enough water to make a difference in the annual savings for the city of Brownsville. This design was made for clients to have ease of flexibility if they wanted to make any changes to the design, like increased roof dimensions or a material in the rainwater harvesting system, itself. Data for evapotranspiration and rainfall (inches) is from the Texas Water Development Board reports and other sources.

Problem: Design a rainwater harvesting system for a facility in the city of Brownsville, Texas.

Background

Brownsville, Texas, a city located around the United States/Mexican border, needs a rainwater harvesting system built for a restroom facility consisting of 6 stalls, in total (three for men and three for women). Brownsville acquires about 28 inches of rainfall every year, and the month of September has the heaviest rainfall, able to have almost up to 8 inches of rainfall, alone. Its location by the Gulf Coast allows the city to have heavier rainfall than northern states. Using the rainwater for irrigation is an option, but is not required. This report does, however, take in account that possibility. Also, a permeable parking lot is available for collection of rainwater, but that was not used in this design for the sake of simplicity.

The contact for this project was Joe Hinojosa of Brownsville’s Public Works. According to him, the restroom facility had yet to be built, so all the plans were open to be determined while creating a rainwater harvesting system. Electrical power, needed for the system’s pumps, were 600 feet away, next to a major highway. Brownsville needs a rainwater harvesting system that requires low maintenance, flexibility in design, is economical, and is able to last through dry seasons.

Water Balance

Assumptions: It was assumed that the restrooms would need about 600 gallons of water per day (according to the calculation of Dr. Jones “6 toilets x 2 gals trip x 50 visitors = 600 gals per day”). The tank was assumed to have varying amounts of supplemental water depending on the amount of rainfall. The vegetation is native to the area, so they will consume the least amount of water, if any. The landscape area is about 2,500 ft2 to allow enough space for irrigation, if decided upon. Roof dimensions are 2,760 ft3 in our design, allowing an optimum and realistic amount of rainfall inflow. An increase in the roof dimensions from 2,760 ft3 to 3,000 ft3 will increase the amount of rainwater by 4,000 gals.

Calculations: First to calculate water inflow (gals) it was essential to multiply the roof dimensions (ft3), the total amount on rainfall (in), divided by 12 to convert to feet, multiply by .62, .85, and 7.48 to convert feet into gallons . For the month of January 2,760 ft3 (roof dimension) was multiplied by the 1.36 inches of rainfall, .62, .85, and 7.48 to obtain 941 gallons of water inflow. Rainfall (in), evaporation loss (gals) and ET for vegetation (in/day) are all acquired via the research of others, as mentioned in the bibliography. To measure water outflow the ET for vegetation had to be divided by 12 (to be converted to unit feet), multiplied by the total landscape area, 31 (conversion factor) ,and then multiplied by 7.48 to convert the calculation to gallons. For example, for the month of September:

Water Outflow= (ET veg. /12) x 2500 ft2 x 31 x 7.48

= (.2/12) x 2500 ft2 x 7.48= 312 gals

When water outflow was calculated, it was seen that there was not a sufficient amount of rainwater harvested to run the system, and, therefore, supplemental water will have to be obtained from the city to sustain the project on a monthly basis depending on the varying weather conditions. To calculate water storage:

Water Storage (gals) = Supplemental Water + Water Input – Water Output – System Losses

Water storage (gals) January = 2,000 (gals) Supplemental Water + 1233 (gals) Water Inflow –

9662 (gals) Water Outflow (demand)- 3.53 (Evaporation Losses)

= -6432 (gals) of water stored

Cost Estimate:

Rain Water Harvesting Cost Estimates

Collection System

Material Quantity(ft) Price per foot Total Price

Vinyl Gutter System 472 $6 $2,832

Storage System

Material Quantity Price Total Price

Plastic 2,000 gals tank 2 $1,100 $2,200

Tank Level Sensors 1 $895 $895

Distribution System

Material Quantity Price Total Price

PVC Pipe(ft) 80 $2 $160

2" Ball Valve 5 $72 $360

2" PVC Tee 3 $8 $24

2" PVC 90 9 $8 $72

Water pump w/ pressure tank 1 $2,000 $2,000

2 hp Water Pump 1 $250 $250

Overall Total

$8,793



Diagram/Descriptions: Rainfall will be collected from the gutter system which runs along each two hundred and thirty foot side of the building. Water runoff from the metal roof will collect into a six inch vinyl gutter system. The reason for using vinyl gutter is to eliminate the possibility of rusting and pro-long the life of the system. After water collects into the gutters off the roof they will be channeled down to the distribution system. This distribution system will consist of two main collection tanks. The tanks will be two thousand gallons in size and made of plastic both for cost effectiveness and ease of maintenance. Each tank will have its own specific duty. The active tank will be the main tank sending water to the toilets inside. This tank will remain full at all times with the help of both city water and rain water. The collection tank, tank two, will have the purpose of collecting the water runoff from the gutters. From this tank water can be pumped into the active tank via a water pump. As for the active tank the city water added will be pumped in and regulated by an Ashcroft GC52 Differential Pressure Transmitter which measures pressure between two points to determine whether or not to pump water in. On the discharge side of the active tank water will be pressurized and pumped into the toilets. The line will be pressurized by an ABS2.4 - Variable Speed Water Pressure Booster Kit - 3HP which will mount outside the tank. With the entire system layout we have implemented a bypass water route which will bypass both tanks and pumps and feed directly into the discharge line in case of pump failure, pipe breakage, or down time needed to perform maintenance on the system.





Summary

This Rainwater Harvesting System is an economical design that allows flexibility as well as durability. A bypass from the city water line directly to the building allows for any malfunctions to be easily fixed without having to shut down the facility for repairs. Also, this system saves approximately 46,000 gallons of water, annually, that is usually bought from the city instead.



Partner Report:

Lucas Allen: Diagram of Rainwater Harvesting system and specific details about the system itself including cost and materials

Kai Williams: Writing of the report, research about the city, excel spreadsheets

































References

1. Dr. Jones

2. Texas Water Development Board. "The Texas Manual on Rainwater Harvesting." 3

(2005): 1-88. Web.

3. Javier Guerrero

4. "Average Weather for Brownsville, TX - Temperature and Precipitation." National

and Local Weather Forecast, Hurricane, Radar and Report. The Weather Channel. Web. 27 Nov. 2010. .

5. "Normal Monthly Precipitation (Inches)." NCDC: * National Climatic Data Center

(NCDC) *. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Web. 05 Dec.

2010. http://lwf.ncdc.noaa.gov/oa/climate/online/ccd/nrmlprcp.html.




*This Report was created by Lucas Allen and Kai Williams

Monday, September 27, 2010

Javelina Research Symposium

 It's been a little over a month since I left the REU program. Since I have been back I have been working on a poster, with Diamond Youcum,  for an upcoming Javelina Research Symposium at my parent school Texas A&M Kingsville. Its is this thursday, so I am making all the final touches. Wish us luck :) Pictures are to come!

Tuesday, August 10, 2010

Reflection Paper

At first glance, this program appeared like just a great opportunity to acquire research and networking skills while executing a project that fit my major. Looking back, the REU program included so much more. I modeled radioactive explosions, peered over the treacherous railings of a cement stack, and explored the diverse backgrounds and personalities of the other students in this program. Being an incoming freshman to, both, college and engineering, I really inherited a beforehand look at the skills and disciplines I need to have prior to entering college. Even more exciting, I encountered a fellow environmental engineering major from my parent school, Texas A&M University of Kingsville.


I remember the night before the REU orientation I walked through the door of where I would be staying during this program. Other than a fully furnished and decorated room, Diamond, the girl from my school, was not anywhere to be found. The only thing that spoke for her behalf was her zebra striped comforter and pink sheets. Naturally, I was curious to see what kind of person she was. I must have waited about 5 hours until she returned to the suite, but after that we hit it off. When we went to the orientation the next day, everybody had the preconception that we knew each other for an elongated period of time, and nobody believed that we had just met yesterday night. Ever since then, we have gone everywhere together and made everybody else in the program, for the longest time, think that we were out of our minds because of the way we were constantly giggling and joking around regardless of the fact that nobody knew what we were laughing about. Luckily Dr.Yazdani assigned her to my project, air dispersion modeling, as well as Ryan Landrith and Rachel Morrison.

The first few weeks of the air dispersion modeling project included Dr.Sattler, our advising professor, giving us the background information, essential to understanding the Hotspot air dispersion modeling program. Terrain, meteorology, plume height, ground shine, and the Gaussian equation comprise just a few variables that have to be accounted for while modeling. After we composed our notes, Arpita Gandhi, our graduated assistant, guided us through the entirety of the program carefully and precisely. Also, she stuck by our side, day in and day out, while we worked on our project to make sure that we had every one of our questions answered. She even cooked an Indian dish for us because she is that caring. She put up with Diamond and my joking around, and she eventually had to put up with Ryan, as well. Diamond has a way of bringing out the inner child in everyone, and that is the reason our personalities work so well together.

After many discussions, my group and I thought it best to model an explosion and fire with various radioactive substances of our choosing. Respectively, we choose Radium-226, Strontium-90, Iridium-190, and Cesium-137 because of their popularity and their distinctive half lives. Hotspot, being a modern version of a more dated program, required us, as a research team, to figure out what the input and outcomes should resemble. For example, we had to figure out what was an accurate amount of explosives to actually use and what wind speed would be true to that of downtown Dallas. Originally, we also planned to model an anthrax release in the new Cowboys’ stadium, but in the end we found it wiser and more efficient to just model at one point. Also, the Hotspot model did not have the right tools to properly execute that type of release. Consequently, we pressed on ahead with our project.

In the end, we found out that Radium-226, my substance, had the largest contours and the longest lasting effect on the common public. Although somewhat creepy, the long half life of radium is what made that substance so attracting. If you are going to model an explosion, you have to put your mind in a place somewhat close to those who would actually do the scenario in real life, if you are going for accuracy. Another conclusion was that Iridium-190 had the greatest concentration, out of all of our substances.

In spite of the disorganization of the program, I would not change a thing. The professors, Arpita, and all my newly found friends have made it such an experience. There is not a word that could properly portray how great this experience has been. I will definitely recommend this program to others at my school. I would of never imagined that I would have this much fun. Before I came here I was so nervous about everything-my roommate, the food, the professors, and my inexperience with research or college. Being here has been a blessing in itself. Since coming here I have watched so many scary movies, laughed so many times, and walked so much more than necessary, but I would never give it up.

Luckily, the experience will continue when I go back to my own school because Diamond and I plan to give a presentation to a part of our student body about the program and what we learned. I will keep updating my blog, and I will never forget the wonderful people I met here. I will remember Ernest for his way of being so original and so outgoing, Valon for his caring demeanor and way of having fun, Ryan for the way he walks the walk and for the fact that he has Mr.Tiki in his room, and Giancarlo for his intelligence, illuminating smile, and for the fact that he loves the history channel. Luckily, I get to hold on to Diamond until she goes to graduate school, but they each have something so precious and unforgettable about them. I am just so thankful to be able to say I was in this program.

Research Log

2 July 2010, Friday


Orientation day - met with Dr. Yazdani and got a brief description of the different projects

introduced to the other participants and professors

overview of the facilities

REU purpose and outcome described

6 July 2010, Tuesday

Met with Dr. Sattler at 10:30am in Rm 414 to discuss what we wanted to model in the Hotspot 2.07.1 program

given and went over two handouts of power point on air pollution



7 July 2010, Wednesday

Met with Dr. Sattler at 9am went over handout of power point on air pollution meteorology and a handout of the Gaussian Dispersion model

Read chpt. 5 in the Practical Guide to Atmospheric Dispersion Modeling by D. Bruce Turner, CCM and Richard H. Schulze, P.E., QEP



8 July 2010, Thursday

Met with Dr.Sattler at 10:30am

brought laptops after lunch in order to start working in the Hotspot program

Met graduate student assistant, Arpita Gandhi, who introduced us to the Hotspot program



9 July 2010, Friday

Met with Dr. Sattler 9am to 2pm

went over power point of "plume rise" and "methods of determining dispersion parameters sigma y and sigma z"



12 July 2010, Monday

Met with Dr. Sattler 9am to 2pm

went over power point on "air pollution meteorology - winds"



13 July 2010, Tuesday

Met with Dr. Sattler 9am to 2pm

lectured on air pollution



14 July 2010, Wednesday

Met with Dr. Sattler 9am to 2pm

lecture covered inversion layers, first order chemical rxns, settling, wet and dry deposition, averaging time changes



15 July 2010, Thursday

Met with Sattler 8:30am - 12pm, given articles to read in order to determine parameters

Ethics workshop 1:30pm - 4:00pm



16 July 2010, Friday

Met with Sattler 1pm - 3pm, lecture



19 July 2010, Monday

Hotspot modeling 9am - 2pm

researched TEDE levels

explosion scenarios



20 July 2010, Tuesday

Hotspot modeling 9am - 2pm

explosion scenarios



21 July 2010, Wednesday

Hotspot modeling 9am - 2pm

explosion scenarios



22 July 2010, Thursday

Took a tour of the Holcim Cement Plant 8:30am - 3:00pm



23 July 2010, Friday

Hotspot modeling 9am - 2pm

evaluating inputs for explosion



26 July 2010, Monday

Hotspot modeling 9am - 2pm

fire scenarios



27 July 2010, Tuesday

Hotspot modeling 9am - 2pm

fire scenarios



28 July 2010, Wednesday

9am - 11:25am work with Hotspot

REU Assessment 12pm -1pm



29 July 2010, Thursday

Research Training workshop 9am - 3pm, Rady Room



30 July 2010, Friday

9am - 3pm, worked on Hotspot models

11am, met with Dr. Sattler to discuss progress of the project



2 August 2010, Monday

9am - 2pm, finalizing parameters and organized the comparative tables of data, discussed final presentation



3 August 2010, Tuesday

9am - 2pm, worked from home on slides for presentation



4 August 2010, Wednesday

9am - 11am, worked on combining slides for final presentation

11am - 1pm, watched "Garbage: The Movie" Rm 100 in Nedderman

1:30pm - 3pm, continued working on final presentation

4pm, worked on poster



5 August 2010, Thursday

9am - 3pm, cleaned up the final presentation

worked on poster and reflection paper



6 August 2010, Friday

9am - 12pm, Designed web page for the REU program

1pm, cleaned up final presentation

2pm, met with Dr. Sattler, ran through the presentation and received feed back from Dr. Sattler



7 August 2010, Saturday

finished and submitted poster to Dr. Yazdani

worked on reflection paper



9 August 2010, Monday

finalize presentation for 8/10

finish working on the deliverables for the REU program



10 August 2010, Tuesday

Summer End workshop 9am - 3pm